x see axal.

x see oc I (c), also under asso .

n = Lat. acta (of the Acts of the Apostles): gnim lucae etir soscela ┐ a.¤ , RC viii 367.11 . amal indisess Lucas . . . i n-Actaib Apstal, PH 5442 . mar adeirthear a nActoibh na nApsttol, Desid. 3750 .

ind a.¤ a quo est acetum gl. aceo ex quo acesco, Thes. ii 228.29 (PCr.). Cf. aigéd.

n (Lat. actus) name of a measure of ploughed land: a.¤ .i. tomus nó imaire, ut est a.¤ is lugha a iiii do troighaib lethat a lair .i. imaire is lugha na in t-a.¤ aderam 'nar ndeghaid. Nó a.¤ .i. la air, O'Dav. 117 .

n (Lat. acutus) acute accent: circumflex in participio a.¤ in nomine , Sg. 187b3 . a.¤ fora peneuilt, 212a13 . a.¤ foraib linni, 208b7 . la a.¤ , Auraic. 1558 . a.¤ forsna sillabaib cuimri, 1355 .

v (acuit) accents with acute accent: ropad antepeneuilt noacuitigfide indib, Sg. 120a1 . combad antepeneuilt noacuit- igthe indib, 2 .

n (Engl. (?) loanword) the Koran: annsa lebur . . . darb ainm A.¤ , Maund. 61 . Acarón, 116 .

prep. prefix used to form compds. See Thurn. Gramm. § 822 ; O'Rahilly, Celtica i 337f. ; Breatnach, Éigse vi 339 . In close compds. remains as ad- before vowels and earlier w (preserved as spirant b): adamrae (amrae), adblam (ad-fo- lam).

The d is assimilated to c, t, g, d, b, s, m: abbrón (brón), Celtica xiii 14.258 . -accobra (adcobra), atrab (ad-treb), acarb, ag(g)arb (ad + garb), atód (ad-do-) apuide, abbuide (ad + buide), aslach (ad-slig), ammus (ad-mess). In the case of m, however, O'Rahilly, loc. cit., regards adm- as the regular development e.g. admass (ad + mass), admat (ad + muinethar), admall (ad + mall), admolaid (ad + m.). Before an original u in follg. syll.: audbirt, idbart, edbart (*ad-uss-bert), aupaid, epaid (ad-buith). Before r, l, n appears as á: áram (ad-rím), fo-álgim (*fo-ad- log-), áinsem (*ad-nessam). As perfective particle, see Thurn. Gramm. § 532 . In pretonic position always ad-: ad-ella, ad- cobra, ad-gládathar, ad-slig, ad-midethar, ad-rími etc. except before t and d, to which the d is assimilated: attá, atá (ad-tá), ataimet (ad-daimet). For the forms with infix. pronouns see Thurn. Gramm. §§ 412, 413 . The fact that ad- and ess- fall together before inf. pronouns has sometimes led to ad- being replaced by as- in pretonic position e.g. as-roilli beside ad- roilli (prototonic -árilli -áirilli). Sometimes ad- replaces in- in pretonic position e.g. ad-cumaing (prototonic -ecmaing), see Thurn. Gramm. § 842 B (1) . Meaning orig. to, towards e.g. ad-gúisi hopes (wishes towards). In many compds. however it has a purely intensive sense e.g. adúath great terror; admór very great; admolaid praises highly. See various compds. below.

See ath-.

n law, custom: a.¤ .i. dliged, Corm. Y 93 . adh na techta tuinige . . . a.¤ do coislead tuinide .i. dligedh na techtand tuinidi in feraind do som, Laws iv 4.17, 21 Comm. adh n-aen bescna .i. is inann do reir bafisa gnae no aibind dligedh a techtaigthi, 18.19 , 20.19 Comm. no a.¤ deligthi dliged risinni romainn, Cóic Con. Fug. 29 § 12 (and ZCP xvi 229 ). ?manip a.¤ rosuidiged hi comdire . . . cach noad nuibe `were it not for the law (?) by which . . . has been fixed', Ériu xii 42.1 . ?adhfhlaith .i. flaith dlightheach, O'Cl.

n a.¤ gl. ador, KZ xxviii 293 .